Symptoms of hypothyroidism

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

The symptoms of hypothyroidism vary widely, from no symptoms to marked symptoms, to, rarely, life-threatening symptoms. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are notorious for their nonspecific nature and for the way in which they mimic many of the normal changes of aging.

The extent of symptoms depends on the severity of the hormone deficiency and the speed with which the deficiency developed. Usually, symptoms are milder when hypothyroidism develops gradually.

General symptoms — Thyroid hormone normally stimulates metabolism, and most of the symptoms of hypothyroidism reflect slowing of metabolic processes. General symptoms may include fatigue, sluggishness, weight gain, and difficulty tolerating cold weather.

Skin — Hypothyroidism can decrease sweating. The skin may become dry and thick. The hair may become coarse or thin, eyebrows may disappear, and nails may become brittle.

Reproductive system — Women with hypothyroidism have menstrual cycle irregularities, ranging from absent or infrequent periods to very frequent and heavy periods. The menstrual irregularities can make it difficult to become pregnant, and pregnant women with hypothyroidism have an increased risk for miscarriage during early pregnancy.

Neuromuscular system — Hypothyroidism depresses the nervous system, which can result in fatigue.

Eyes — Hypothyroidism can lead to mild swelling around the eyes. People who develop hypothyroidism as a result of treatment for hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease may also retain some of the eye symptoms of Graves' disease, including protrusion of the eyes, the appearance of staring, and impaired movement of the eyes.

Myxedema coma — Very rarely, if a person has severe hypothyroidism, any trauma, infection, exposure to the cold, and certain medications can trigger a life-threatening condition called myxedema coma, with not only a loss of consciousness, but also hypothermia.

Respiratory system — Hypothyroidism weakens the respiratory muscles and decreases lung function. The resulting symptoms may overlap with those of cardiovascular compromise -- fatigue, shortness of breath on exertion, and decreased ability to exercise. Hypothyroidism can also lead to swelling of the tongue and sleep apnea, a condition characterized by periodic blockage of the airway while sleeping, fitful sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, hypothyroidism can cause a hoarse voice.

Cardiovascular system — Hypothyroidism slows the heart rate and weakens the heart's contractions, decreasing this vital organ's overall function. Related symptoms may include fatigue and shortness of breath with exercise. These symptoms may be more severe in people who also have cardiovascular disease. In addition, hypothyroidism can cause mild hypertension and raise blood levels of cholesterol.

Gastrointestinal system — Hypothyroidism slows the actions of the digestive tract, causing constipation. Rarely, the digestive tract may stop moving contents entirely.

Exercise is an important factor in the treatment of hypothyroidism

Exercise is important to maintain health, but many people with hypothyroidism lack the energy to exercise. One expert suggests splitting exercise into several short sessions.Exercise is an important factor in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Exercise increases tissue sensitivity to the thyroid hormone and stimulates thyroid gland secretion.